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Introduction

Introduction
Reasons to Learn
Usage worldwide

Spelling Rules

Pinyin Basics
Fake Initials
Treatment of ü
Vowel Shortening 
Tone Mark Rules

Pronunciation

Pronunciation Guide
Alphabet and Sounds

Applications of Pinyin

Dictionary Lookup
Computer Input

Pinyin Charts

Traditional Chart 

Modernized Charts:
Syllables Without Glides
Syllables With Glide i
Syllables With Glide u
Syllables With Glide ü

Traditional Pinyin Chart in IPA

IPA		a	aɪ	ɑʊ	an	ɑŋ	oʊ	ʊŋ	ɤ	ei	ən	əŋ	i, z̩, ʐ̩	ja	jɑʊ	jɛ	joʊ	jɛn	in	jɑŋ	iŋ	jʊŋ	u	wa	wɔ	waɪ	weɪ	wan	wən	wɑŋ	y	ɥœ	ɥɛn	yn
	Pinyin	a	ai	ao	an	ang	ou	ong	e	ei	en	eng	i	ia	iao	ie	iu (iou)	ian	in	iang	ing	iong	u	ua	uo	uai	ui (uei)	wan	un (uen)	uang	ü	üe	üan	ün
⌀	⌀	a	aɪ	ɑʊ	an	ɑŋ	oʊ	ʊŋ	ɤ	ei	ən	əŋ	yi	ja	yɑʊ	jɛ	joʊ	jɛn	in	jɑŋ	iŋ	jʊŋ	wu	wa	wɔ	waɪ	wei	wan	wən	wɑŋ	y	ɥœ	ɥɛn	yn
p	b	pa	paɪ	pɑʊ	pan	pɑŋ	poʊ	pʊŋ	pɤ	pei	pən	pəŋ	pi	pja	pjɑʊ	pjɛ	pjoʊ	pjɛn	pin	piɑŋ	piŋ	pjʊŋ	pu	pwa	pwɔ	pwaɪ	pweɪ	pwan	pwən	pwɑŋ	py	pɥœ	pɥɛn	pyn
pʰ	p	pʰa	pʰaɪ	pʰɑʊ	pʰan	pʰɑŋ	pʰoʊ	pʰʊŋ	pʰɤ	pʰei	pʰən	pʰəŋ	pʰi	pʰja	pʰjɑʊ	pʰjɛ	pʰjoʊ	pʰjɛn	pʰin	pʰiɑŋ	pʰiŋ	pʰjʊŋ	pʰu	pʰwa	pʰwɔ	pʰwaɪ	pʰweɪ	pʰwan	pʰwən	pʰwɑŋ	pʰy	pʰɥœ	pʰɥɛn	pʰyn
m	m	ma	maɪ	mɑʊ	man	mɑŋ	moʊ	mʊŋ	mɤ	mei	mən	məŋ	mi	mja	mjɑʊ	mjɛ	mjoʊ	mjɛn	min	miɑŋ	miŋ	mjʊŋ	mu	mwa	mwɔ	mwaɪ	mweɪ	mwan	mwən	mwɑŋ	my	mɥœ	mɥɛn	myn
f	f	fa	faɪ	fɑʊ	fan	fɑŋ	foʊ	fʊŋ	fɤ	fei	fən	fəŋ	fi	fja	fjɑʊ	fjɛ	fjoʊ	fjɛn	fin	fiɑŋ	fiŋ	fjʊŋ	fu	fwa	fwɔ	fwaɪ	fweɪ	fwan	fwən	fwɑŋ	fy	fɥœ	fɥɛn	fyn
t	d	ta	taɪ	tɑʊ	tan	tɑŋ	toʊ	tʊŋ	tɤ	tei	tən	təŋ	ti	tja	tjɑʊ	tjɛ	tjoʊ	tjɛn	tin	tiɑŋ	tiŋ	tjʊŋ	tu	twa	twɔ	twaɪ	tweɪ	twan	twən	twɑŋ	ty	tɥœ	tɥɛn	tyn
tʰ	t	tʰa	tʰaɪ	tʰɑʊ	tʰan	tʰɑŋ	tʰoʊ	tʰʊŋ	tʰɤ	tʰei	tʰən	tʰəŋ	tʰi	tʰja	tʰjɑʊ	tʰjɛ	tʰjoʊ	tʰjɛn	tʰin	tʰiɑŋ	tʰiŋ	tʰjʊŋ	tʰu	tʰwa	tʰwɔ	tʰwaɪ	tʰweɪ	tʰwan	tʰwən	tʰwɑŋ	tʰy	tʰɥœ	tʰɥɛn	tʰyn
n	n	na	naɪ	nɑʊ	nan	nɑŋ	noʊ	nʊŋ	nɤ	nei	nən	nəŋ	ni	nja	njɑʊ	njɛ	njoʊ	njɛn	nin	niɑŋ	niŋ	njʊŋ	nu	nwa	nwɔ	nwaɪ	nweɪ	nwan	nwən	nwɑŋ	ny	nɥœ	nɥɛn	nyn
l	l	la	laɪ	lɑʊ	lan	lɑŋ	loʊ	lʊŋ	lɤ	lei	lən	ləŋ	li	lja	ljɑʊ	ljɛ	ljoʊ	ljɛn	lin	liɑŋ	liŋ	ljʊŋ	lu	lwa	lwɔ	lwaɪ	lweɪ	lwan	lwən	lwɑŋ	ly	lɥœ	lɥɛn	lyn
k	g	ka	kaɪ	kɑʊ	kan	kɑŋ	koʊ	kʊŋ	kɤ	kei	kən	kəŋ	ki	kja	kjɑʊ	kjɛ	kjoʊ	kjɛn	kin	kiɑŋ	kiŋ	kjʊŋ	ku	kwa	kwɔ	kwaɪ	kweɪ	kwan	kwən	kwɑŋ	ky	kɥœ	kɥɛn	kyn
kʰ	k	kʰa	kʰaɪ	kʰɑʊ	kʰan	kʰɑŋ	kʰoʊ	kʰʊŋ	kʰɤ	kʰei	kʰən	kʰəŋ	kʰi	kʰja	kʰjɑʊ	kʰjɛ	kʰjoʊ	kʰjɛn	kʰin	kʰiɑŋ	kʰiŋ	kʰjʊŋ	kʰu	kʰwa	kʰwɔ	kʰwaɪ	kʰweɪ	kʰwan	kʰwən	kʰwɑŋ	kʰy	kʰɥœ	kʰɥɛn	kʰyn
x	h	xa	xaɪ	xɑʊ	xan	xɑŋ	xoʊ	xʊŋ	xɤ	xei	xən	xəŋ	xi	xja	xjɑʊ	xjɛ	xjoʊ	xjɛn	xin	xiɑŋ	xiŋ	xjʊŋ	xu	xwa	xwɔ	xwaɪ	xweɪ	xwan	xwən	xwɑŋ	xy	xɥœ	xɥɛn	xyn
tɕ	j	tɕa	tɕaɪ	tɕɑʊ	tɕan	tɕɑŋ	tɕoʊ	tɕʊŋ	tɕɤ	tɕei	tɕən	tɕəŋ	tɕi	tɕja	tɕjɑʊ	tɕjɛ	tɕjoʊ	tɕjɛn	tɕin	tɕiɑŋ	tɕiŋ	tɕjʊŋ	tɕu	tɕwa	tɕwɔ	tɕwaɪ	tɕweɪ	tɕwan	tɕwən	tɕwɑŋ	tɕy	tɕɥœ	tɕɥɛn	tɕyn
tɕʰ	q	tɕʰa	tɕʰaɪ	tɕʰɑʊ	tɕʰan	tɕʰɑŋ	tɕʰoʊ	tɕʰʊŋ	tɕʰɤ	tɕʰei	tɕʰən	tɕʰəŋ	tɕʰi	tɕʰja	tɕʰjɑʊ	tɕʰjɛ	tɕʰjoʊ	tɕʰjɛn	tɕʰin	tɕʰiɑŋ	tɕʰiŋ	tɕʰjʊŋ	tɕʰu	tɕʰwa	tɕʰwɔ	tɕʰwaɪ	tɕʰweɪ	tɕʰwan	tɕʰwən	tɕʰwɑŋ	tɕʰy	tɕʰɥœ	tɕʰɥɛn	tɕʰyn
ɕ	x	ɕa	ɕaɪ	ɕɑʊ	ɕan	ɕɑŋ	ɕoʊ	ɕʊŋ	ɕɤ	ɕei	ɕən	ɕəŋ	ɕi	ɕja	ɕjɑʊ	ɕjɛ	ɕjoʊ	ɕjɛn	ɕin	ɕiɑŋ	ɕiŋ	ɕjʊŋ	ɕu	ɕwa	ɕwɔ	ɕwaɪ	ɕweɪ	ɕwan	ɕwən	ɕwɑŋ	ɕy	ɕɥœ	ɕɥɛn	ɕyn
ʈʂ	zh	ʈʂa	ʈʂaɪ	ʈʂɑʊ	ʈʂan	ʈʂɑŋ	ʈʂoʊ	ʈʂʊŋ	ʈʂɤ	ʈʂei	ʈʂən	ʈʂəŋ	ʈʂz̩	ʈʂja	ʈʂjɑʊ	ʈʂjɛ	ʈʂjoʊ	ʈʂjɛn	ʈʂin	ʈʂiɑŋ	ʈʂiŋ	ʈʂjʊŋ	ʈʂu	ʈʂwa	ʈʂwɔ	ʈʂwaɪ	ʈʂweɪ	ʈʂwan	ʈʂwən	ʈʂwɑŋ	ʈʂy	ʈʂɥœ	ʈʂɥɛn	ʈʂyn
ʈʂʰ	ch	ʈʂʰa	ʈʂʰaɪ	ʈʂʰɑʊ	ʈʂʰan	ʈʂʰɑŋ	ʈʂʰoʊ	ʈʂʰʊŋ	ʈʂʰɤ	ʈʂʰei	ʈʂʰən	ʈʂʰəŋ	ʈʂʰz̩	ʈʂʰja	ʈʂʰjɑʊ	ʈʂʰjɛ	ʈʂʰjoʊ	ʈʂʰjɛn	ʈʂʰin	ʈʂʰiɑŋ	ʈʂʰiŋ	ʈʂʰjʊŋ	ʈʂʰu	ʈʂʰwa	ʈʂʰwɔ	ʈʂʰwaɪ	ʈʂʰweɪ	ʈʂʰwan	ʈʂʰwən	ʈʂʰwɑŋ	ʈʂʰy	ʈʂʰɥœ	ʈʂʰɥɛn	ʈʂʰyn
ʂ	sh	ʂa	ʂaɪ	ʂɑʊ	ʂan	ʂɑŋ	ʂoʊ	ʂʊŋ	ʂɤ	ʂei	ʂən	ʂəŋ	ʂz̩	ʂja	ʂjɑʊ	ʂjɛ	ʂjoʊ	ʂjɛn	ʂin	ʂiɑŋ	ʂiŋ	ʂjʊŋ	ʂu	ʂwa	ʂwɔ	ʂwaɪ	ʂweɪ	ʂwan	ʂwən	ʂwɑŋ	ʂy	ʂɥœ	ʂɥɛn	ʂyn
ʐ	r	ʐa	ʐaɪ	ʐɑʊ	ʐan	ʐɑŋ	ʐoʊ	ʐʊŋ	ʐɤ	ʐei	ʐən	ʐəŋ	ʐz̩	ʐja	ʐjɑʊ	ʐjɛ	ʐjoʊ	ʐjɛn	ʐin	ʐiɑŋ	ʐiŋ	ʐjʊŋ	ʐu	ʐwa	ʐwɔ	ʐwaɪ	ʐweɪ	ʐwan	ʐwən	ʐwɑŋ	ʐy	ʐɥœ	ʐɥɛn	ʐyn
ts	z	tsa	tsaɪ	tsɑʊ	tsan	tsɑŋ	tsoʊ	tsʊŋ	tsɤ	tsei	tsən	tsəŋ	tsʐ̩	tsja	tsjɑʊ	tsjɛ	tsjoʊ	tsjɛn	tsin	tsiɑŋ	tsiŋ	tsjʊŋ	tsu	tswa	tswɔ	tswaɪ	tsweɪ	tswan	tswən	tswɑŋ	tsy	tsɥœ	tsɥɛn	tsyn
tsʰ	c	tsʰa	tsʰaɪ	tsʰɑʊ	tsʰan	tsʰɑŋ	tsʰoʊ	tsʰʊŋ	tsʰɤ	tsʰei	tsʰən	tsʰəŋ	tsʰʐ	tsʰja	tsʰjɑʊ	tsʰjɛ	tsʰjoʊ	tsʰjɛn	tsʰin	tsʰiɑŋ	tsʰiŋ	tsʰjʊŋ	tsʰu	tsʰwa	tsʰwɔ	tsʰwaɪ	tsʰweɪ	tsʰwan	tsʰwən	tsʰwɑŋ	tsʰy	tsʰɥœ	tsʰɥɛn	tsʰyn
s	s	sa	saɪ	sɑʊ	san	sɑŋ	soʊ	sʊŋ	sɤ	sei	sən	səŋ	sʐ	sja	sjɑʊ	sjɛ	sjoʊ	sjɛn	sin	siɑŋ	siŋ	sjʊŋ	su	swa	swɔ	swaɪ	sweɪ	swan	swən	swɑŋ	sy	sɥœ	sɥɛn	syn

Special Spelling Exceptions

Vowel Omission	{bo, po, mo, fo} are actually pronounced like they end in {uo}
	All the words ending in {iu} are actually pronounced like they end in {iou}
	All the words ending in {ui} are actually pronounced like they end in {uei}
	All the words ending in {un} are actually pronounced like they end in {uen}
Fake Initials	When the initial sound is an {i} , {y} is used as the first letter
	When the initial sound is a {u} , {w} is used as the first letter
	When the initial sound is a {ü} , {yu} is used as the first letter
Pronounciation Rules	The i in {bi, pi, mi, di, ti, ni, li, ji, qi, xi} is similar to the {ee} sound in the English word {bee}
	The i in {zhi, chi, shi, ri} requires the speaker to curl their tongue a bit.
	The i in {zi, ci, si} feels like it is half-way between the other two {i} sounds.
Treatment of ü	Most syllables with a {ü} are simplified and written with a {u} . The exceptions are {nü, nüe, lü, lüe}