5.12	11.77	A:	[LABOV] I have been travelling around quite a lot, and I sometimes pick up uh a little bit of speech from people here and there.
11.77	14.07	A:	[LABOV] But uh I'm trying to pick up some sense.
14.07	17.77	A:	[LABOV] And that is not so easy. It's much easier to pick up people's accent.
17.77	20.02	A:	[LABOV] Than their ideas. Um.
20.02	22.94	A:	[LABOV] Now, I want to um
22.94	26.52	A:	[LABOV] I'm going to uh um.
26.52	30.95	A:	[LABOV] Well, this will pick up both of us. I'm going to sit right down.
30.95	37.19	A:	[LABOV] Down here. (( )) ((that way --))
37.19	40.32	A:	[LABOV] There we are. (( ))
47.53	48.58	A:	[LABOV] Well --
48.43	51.30	A:	[ADOLPHUS] She said you wanted to get her to take (( )).
51.28	53.16	A:	[WIFE] (( )) all right.
52.59	53.21	A:	[LABOV] All right.
53.21	59.47	A:	[LABOV] Let me -- let me introduce myself again. Because names go by very fast. My name is -- is Labov.
59.47	64.40	A:	[LABOV] It's uh, ~L ~A ~B ~O ~V. First name is Bill. And uh.
64.40	67.63	A:	[LABOV] I'm from the University of Pennsylvania.
67.63	70.79	A:	[LABOV] Uh. As I said, I'm really interested in 
70.79	74.71	A:	[LABOV] everything that people don't learn in school. But they learn by themselves.
74.71	77.21	A:	[LABOV] Ah. What year were you born, 
77.21	78.07	A:	[LABOV] #Name_suppressed#
78.20	80.33	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mm mm mm.
80.33	82.87	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I can't keep that date in my head.
87.27	91.24	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I'll be eighty -- eighty -- I'm eighty-t- -- be eighty-two in December, now. 
91.07	93.58	A:	[LABOV] Well, let's see ((that)).
93.58	97.95	A:	[LABOV] Seven- -- Well, it's somewhere back uh -- eh back then.
97.95	102.02	A:	[LABOV] Before nineteen hundred, eighteen ((eighty)) two. And how about yourself, 
102.02	102.77	A:	[LABOV] #Name_suppressed#
103.36	106.31	A:	[WIFE] Well, I was born in eighteen and --
106.31	110.81	A:	[WIFE] eight -- eighteen ninety-nine. Nineteen hundred.
110.74	111.82	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Ninety-nine.
112.56	114.14	A:	[LABOV] And where abouts were you born?
114.08	115.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Up on 
115.07	116.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Person County.
116.58	117.86	A:	[LABOV] Is that far from here?
117.69	121.17	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, it's about fifteen mile.
121.09	123.53	A:	[LABOV] Mhm. And have you lived around here all your life?
123.43	124.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
124.29	125.50	A:	[LABOV] And you too, 
125.50	126.10	A:	[LABOV] #Name_suppressed#
126.10	126.76	A:	[LABOV] Were you --
126.20	131.13	A:	[WIFE] No, no, I uh lived in Pennsylvania for sixteen years.
131.03	132.71	A:	[LABOV] When? Which sixteen?
132.09	135.97	A:	[WIFE] In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. I got married and went there.
135.96	137.48	A:	[LABOV] Oh, just after you were married?
137.40	138.22	A:	[WIFE] Yes ((uh-huh)).
138.19	138.80	A:	[LABOV] Oh, I see.
138.22	140.58	A:	[WIFE] I was raised and borned here.
140.82	145.05	A:	[LABOV] Oh, I see. Well, did you go to Pittsburgh too, or you st- -- you -- you --
144.13	146.02	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, I've uh -- um --
145.04	145.63	A:	[WIFE] No.
145.63	147.21	A:	[WIFE] With my ((folks)).
146.02	147.66	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I've been here all the time.
147.62	148.93	A:	[LABOV] I see.
148.93	150.38	A:	[LABOV] Well, um.
153.46	154.28	A:	[LABOV] Uh.
156.31	162.65	A:	[LABOV] Now -- now, at that time, this country was -- was mostly uh dairy -- was- -- wasn't much farming at all, was there?
162.68	163.39	A:	[ADOLPHUS] N- --
164.09	167.65	A:	[ADOLPHUS] N- not in this section of wood, but
167.65	172.19	A:	[ADOLPHUS] six mile up the road is raising -- now that's where I live -- was living.
172.19	177.74	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I move there mm when I was three years old. And I stayed up there
177.74	179.57	A:	[ADOLPHUS] until I was 
179.57	184.19	A:	[ADOLPHUS] mm twenty-four. ((I ought to)) No, I was older'n that, wasn't I?
184.19	187.30	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I stayed up there until I was about twenty-eight years old.
187.36	189.26	A:	[LABOV] What did your father do?
189.61	190.58	A:	[ADOLPHUS] How's that?
190.67	192.79	A:	[LABOV] What did your father do? Was he a farmer?
192.32	195.64	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Uh, they say he was a farmer. My father died when I was 
195.64	198.90	A:	[ADOLPHUS] about twelve months old, I reckon. Something like that.
198.83	200.26	A:	[LABOV] Who -- who raised you?
200.26	201.97	A:	[LABOV] Your mother?
200.35	201.47	A:	[ADOLPHUS] My mother.
201.97	205.02	A:	[LABOV] And uh, did she do -- what did she do? Was she farming ((a little bit))?
204.49	205.76	A:	[ADOLPHUS] She farmed.
205.76	207.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Farmed and washed and
205.80	206.34	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
207.99	209.41	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ironed eh.
209.41	211.54	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Anything like that to make a living.
211.34	212.31	A:	[LABOV] Right.
212.31	214.48	A:	[LABOV] Um. You have any brothers and sisters?
214.40	216.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Had two sisters, but they both dead.
218.64	219.83	A:	[LABOV] Um.
219.83	221.62	A:	[LABOV] And uh then uh
221.62	225.58	A:	[LABOV] So you -- you ((g- w-)) -- did you get a chance to go to school when you were growing up?
225.43	226.49	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mighty little.
226.87	228.39	A:	[LABOV] They have a country school here?
228.34	230.98	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir, they had a country school, but I didn't get to go
230.98	232.72	A:	[ADOLPHUS] very much.
232.64	235.49	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh. What were you doing? Were you doing chores around the farm?
235.77	237.88	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Why, yes, sir, milking cows and
237.88	242.39	A:	[ADOLPHUS] feeding chickens. Any kind of house -- little housework.
242.39	243.11	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mostly.
242.82	247.40	A:	[LABOV] Right. Well, ((all)) I ((g- w-)) -- Now how did you call chickens when you are -- round here.
250.53	251.40	A:	[ADOLPHUS] How do you call them?
251.39	253.02	A:	[LABOV] Yeah, when you are feeding them, you want them to come.
253.05	255.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Chick chick chick chick chick chick chick chick.
255.21	256.43	A:	[LABOV] And cows?
257.13	262.30	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, we never did call much cow. We always -- we had a dog to send after the cows.
262.30	265.62	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And since I've been down here, I have a cow's always tired out.
265.77	266.45	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
266.67	268.66	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But uh, there is uh
268.66	270.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] some people
270.07	272.60	A:	[ADOLPHUS] when they call cows, I have heard them call them.
272.60	275.75	A:	[ADOLPHUS] *Sook, *sook, *sook, *sook.
275.91	280.01	A:	[LABOV] Yeah, they don't do it that around our way. We -- we holler so boss, like that.
280.01	282.36	A:	[LABOV] And uh, how about hogs?
283.23	284.69	A:	[ADOLPHUS] *Pigga *pigga pig.
284.96	285.88	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
285.88	288.06	A:	[LABOV] Now, uh, you kept hogs when you were --
288.08	288.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
289.33	292.72	A:	[LABOV] And ducks? There's some people kept goats around here.
292.72	295.88	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, I never di- -- uh, k- -- keep no goats.
295.88	297.49	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Uh, er.
297.49	299.24	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And no ducks.
299.04	299.80	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
300.03	302.74	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I have (( )) guineas some. Whole lot of guineas.
302.69	304.54	A:	[LABOV] Yeah? Raising them to eat?
304.56	306.06	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Why, yes, sir, and
306.06	307.44	A:	[ADOLPHUS] then uh
308.51	310.54	A:	[ADOLPHUS] people y- -- ((who)) I stayed with
310.54	313.92	A:	[ADOLPHUS] raised them to sell. They sold a lot of guineas.
313.74	314.60	A:	[LABOV] Mhm.
314.60	317.11	A:	[LABOV] Well, um.
318.83	320.65	A:	[LABOV] You mean ((you're)) not just as pets?
320.52	321.19	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Sir?
321.38	323.88	A:	[LABOV] Well, today they sell them as pets, guinea -- guinea pigs.
324.20	325.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Um, these here are just two f- --
325.91	326.64	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
326.56	327.28	A:	[ADOLPHUS] two -- yeah.
327.28	331.45	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Two feet, just like chicken, you know, on their -- de- -- ((they)) got dark meat.
331.50	334.66	A:	[LABOV] I spoke to a lot of people that raise rabbits, you know.
334.66	340.11	A:	[LABOV] And uh they find they can't eat them because the kids get very upset. And they -- they treat them as pets.
340.05	340.67	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
340.11	342.61	A:	[LABOV] But uh, I think er uh --
342.61	345.35	A:	[LABOV] guinea pig I never -- never um --
345.35	347.65	A:	[LABOV] I didn't eat them, because we kept them as pets.
347.46	348.63	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well.
347.65	349.85	A:	[LABOV] What about um
349.85	353.03	A:	[LABOV] I want to go into just a few other things that -- now we have raised the question of eating.
353.03	355.85	A:	[LABOV] Uh. Was there much possum in the woods then? 
355.91	357.51	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir, a whole lot of them.
357.33	361.27	A:	[LABOV] Yeah. And uh di- -- did you uh used to hunt possum when you were a kid?
361.26	362.04	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mighty little.
363.11	364.40	A:	[LABOV] Did you eat possum?
364.65	368.27	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, I c- -- can eat them, but I don't eat much possum.
368.03	368.72	A:	[LABOV] No.
368.27	369.43	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir.
368.72	369.65	A:	[LABOV] How do you feel about that, 
369.65	370.72	A:	[LABOV] #Name_suppressed#
370.25	374.45	A:	[WIFE] Well, I don't care much for them myself.
374.45	375.45	A:	[WIFE] I don't eat them.
375.56	376.51	A:	[LABOV] Cu- -- wel- -- w- --
376.51	378.19	A:	[LABOV] Because you don't like the taste so much?
378.19	379.75	A:	[LABOV] Too fatty?
380.59	384.59	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, my reason for not eating them, a possum will eat anything in the wood ((it))
384.59	385.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] gets on the ground.
386.17	386.99	A:	[LABOV] That's true.
386.86	387.50	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
387.36	389.63	A:	[LABOV] ((Because you)) (( )) ((you see a)) possum ((around)).
389.70	392.59	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir. He'll eat anything. That's my reason for not --
392.59	393.62	A:	[ADOLPHUS] not eating them.
393.60	395.04	A:	[LABOV] You girls ever eat possum?
397.25	402.35	A:	[LABOV] Well, I ((just had)) some people tell me it's mighty good eating. I just came down from eastern North Carolina, by the coast.
402.35	405.56	A:	[LABOV] And uh, ((they)) got some recipes for possum that are very good.
402.47	402.96	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
405.53	408.82	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, they ((used to)) people did like them, they say.
408.81	409.95	A:	[LABOV] How about squirrel?
410.22	412.16	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I don't bother much squirrel.
413.60	417.06	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I reckon sco- -- squirrels are all right. Now, my mother loves squirrel.
417.06	419.65	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But my reason for not --
419.65	421.94	A:	[ADOLPHUS] never fooling with much squirrel,
421.94	424.74	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I was uh at the
424.74	427.33	A:	[ADOLPHUS] stayed with -- some white people's house.
427.33	431.69	A:	[ADOLPHUS] From time I was three years old until I was about nineteen years old.
431.69	435.82	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And I was the smallest person there, and I just didn't have to eat them things much.
435.82	439.72	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And the man that I -- that uh I was staying with, he 
439.72	441.47	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((was in pretty good shape)),
441.20	441.66	A:	[LABOV] Mhm.
441.47	445.04	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and uh whatever I didn't want to eat, I didn't eat ((either)).
445.44	447.95	A:	[LABOV] Oh, you were in pretty good shape there.
447.55	449.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] uh I -- wh- -- while I were there, I was.
449.67	450.26	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
449.91	453.11	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I had it pretty hard after I left there and before I went there, but --
453.15	457.00	A:	[LABOV] Yeah, what we do with these uh -- eh -- what were you doing there i- is --
457.00	459.11	A:	[LABOV] Is ((that)) friends of family or -- or what?
459.21	462.19	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, um, the all the family's moved away and dead now, that 
462.19	464.70	A:	[ADOLPHUS] white family. There's some of the boys up here at 
463.14	463.44	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
464.70	465.23	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Burlington, 
465.23	465.62	A:	[ADOLPHUS] but -- 
465.58	467.40	A:	[LABOV] Yep. What was the name?
466.45	467.47	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But.
467.47	468.37	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
468.53	469.12	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
469.13	470.06	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And then some 
470.06	471.03	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
471.03	472.27	A:	[ADOLPHUS] (( )) 
472.27	472.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
472.91	473.20	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and some 
473.20	473.65	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
473.65	475.52	A:	[ADOLPHUS] boys, ((about)) three of them I -- up here in 
475.52	476.14	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Burlington.
476.23	478.04	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh. But ((they're)) not around here anymore.
477.96	478.71	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir.
478.71	481.82	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, they sold out all their farm. They had about four hundred
481.82	485.13	A:	[ADOLPHUS] acres of land up there. And they ((done)) sold it all out now.
485.83	488.38	A:	[LABOV] So you ((were)) working on the farm and uh staying there.
488.27	489.04	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
489.19	489.91	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
489.91	492.04	A:	[LABOV] Well, did you used to uh
492.04	493.49	A:	[LABOV] eh --
493.49	495.58	A:	[LABOV] did you ever work uh tobacco very much?
495.74	499.00	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes sir, I work in tobacco and raise a little tobacco now. 
499.16	504.27	A:	[LABOV] Well, I would like to get straight a little bit on tobacco, because this is all new to me. Apparently, it's an awful lot of work.
504.93	506.15	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well,
506.15	507.58	A:	[ADOLPHUS] it's not 
508.77	510.65	A:	[ADOLPHUS] i- -- i- -- it's a -- i- -- it's a
510.65	513.56	A:	[ADOLPHUS] pretty regular work for about three months, but
513.56	515.45	A:	[ADOLPHUS] i- -- it's just on to
515.45	516.48	A:	[ADOLPHUS] how
516.48	518.88	A:	[ADOLPHUS] you start with your tobacco and
518.88	523.18	A:	[ADOLPHUS] uh ((to on)) to how you get it planted and n- -- and uh
523.18	525.66	A:	[ADOLPHUS] what kind of season you have.
525.66	527.83	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And kind of plants you have.
527.83	530.25	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, if you can raise plants
530.25	533.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] like they used to raise about t- uh
533.84	536.25	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I'll say thirty years ago,
535.90	536.60	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
536.25	539.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] there wasn't no such a thing as blue mold or
539.84	543.24	A:	[ADOLPHUS] s- -- something to -- and uh uh
543.24	546.14	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((they had an)) -- they got another thing they call
547.04	549.36	A:	[ADOLPHUS] some kind of ((knot rot)), ((knot a)) something.
549.36	552.08	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And then they had a thing through here,
552.08	561.05	A:	[ADOLPHUS] they call it wildfire. But we didn't have none of that back ((yonder)) thirty years ago. We didn't have nothing like that. Not through this section.
561.05	564.17	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And tobacco is not so bad.
564.17	569.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Me and my mother and wife used to work about ten acres.
569.49	572.43	A:	[LABOV] Well, now let me get this straight. ((You)) first of all you --
573.61	578.76	A:	[LABOV] you got to -- some people say you got to start with new land, for tobacco in the old days. They liked to clear new land.
578.29	581.83	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, they did. They liked to ((clear it)) n- n- ((new)) n- --
581.83	584.29	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ground, but the reason for that,
584.29	586.75	A:	[ADOLPHUS] it didn't take them as much fertilize.
587.76	588.41	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
588.67	589.73	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And then uh
589.73	594.83	A:	[ADOLPHUS] after the land began to get old, a lot of the old people sowed -- s- -- uh
594.83	597.21	A:	[ADOLPHUS] sowed this old fashioned clover.
597.06	597.73	A:	[LABOV] Mm.
597.21	601.86	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And if ever you get old fashioned clover started, 
601.86	602.97	A:	[ADOLPHUS] why, 
602.97	604.86	A:	[ADOLPHUS] it's not much for tobacco.
604.66	607.01	A:	[LABOV] No, you want to keep uh the ((all the)) grass out.
606.78	607.37	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
607.01	608.25	A:	[LABOV] And the ((bovine)) out.
608.18	611.29	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I want to keep the clover out of -- uh -- clover will make it ((bony)).
612.59	614.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] An- -- and --
613.73	614.18	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
614.09	616.02	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir, come in the house.
617.50	618.43	A:	[FRIEND] ((How do?))
617.74	620.28	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Ah ah -- ah -- ah, ((yes, sir)).
621.39	625.98	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Friend of mine. You ((a)) farmer and a public worker, too. I can't keep up with your name.
625.51	626.55	A:	[LABOV] (( )) Labov.
626.55	628.66	A:	[LABOV] An- ((you know)) we just --
627.74	628.73	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Tha- -- ((that is)) --
628.73	629.24	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((brother)) 
629.24	629.86	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
629.86	630.90	A:	[ADOLPHUS] uh -- uh uh 
630.03	631.21	A:	[FRIEND] How you doing? (( )) 
630.90	631.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
631.21	633.38	A:	[FRIEND] Hi. How're you doing, brother (( )).
631.77	632.14	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Eh.
632.14	636.26	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I'm better, but I ain't well yet.
638.36	639.73	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Eh -- uh.
639.73	642.89	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, this clover now, when they sow that,
642.89	645.46	A:	[ADOLPHUS] that's good to help build up the land.
645.40	645.88	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
645.46	646.92	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But uh
646.92	650.17	A:	[ADOLPHUS] you can't plant tobacco after ((it'll)) --
650.17	652.32	A:	[ADOLPHUS] uh, it'll make it ((rough)) and --
652.32	654.01	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and tobacco is a thing --
654.01	656.02	A:	[ADOLPHUS] if it grows right,
656.02	657.90	A:	[ADOLPHUS] a- -- a- -- and uh
657.90	662.08	A:	[ADOLPHUS] it's not going to be but so (( )) unless the dew is on it,
662.08	667.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and then if it ((tills)) up good, coming (( )) you can ((bend it)) about most anyway. 
667.07	671.93	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But if y- -- you raise this ((red)) bony tobacco like cl- -- clover will make it,
671.93	675.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] why, it'll just break anyhow. I don't care if it ain't dry. Won't, 
675.09	676.08	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
676.08	677.25	A:	[ADOLPHUS] It'll break anyhow.
677.25	678.13	A:	[ADOLPHUS] An- --
679.05	683.74	A:	[LABOV] ((We)) just uh talking about -- my business is travelling around the country
679.05	679.79	A:	[ADOLPHUS] So um.
683.74	689.82	A:	[LABOV] and talking about common sense learning and the things that people learn by themselves, outside of school.
689.82	701.26	A:	[LABOV] And I been learning a little bit about uh tobacco uh farmers. It was in -- in the old days, got to talk to k- two people down the other end of the state about it. Er, but apparently there was some people who would wash the plant clean.
701.24	702.05	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
702.20	703.03	A:	[LABOV] Did you do that?
703.08	703.88	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir.
704.24	706.65	A:	[LABOV] I don't understand that. I mean, that's a tremendous --
706.07	711.21	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, I -- I'll tell you, there's one thing about washing tobacco plants,
711.21	714.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] if you haven't got a very good season,
714.91	716.88	A:	[ADOLPHUS] if you in the sandy land,
716.88	721.75	A:	[ADOLPHUS] i- -- that dirt is going to be dry before you get it planted, while you drawed it from anyhow.
721.75	726.55	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And if you in the sandy land, if you plant that mm, uh uh um
726.55	730.58	A:	[ADOLPHUS] plant with the roo- p- -- uh roots kind of damp,
730.58	735.06	A:	[ADOLPHUS] well, that dirt will stick right on to them, and it'll take hold heap faster.
735.06	737.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] It'll take hold heap faster
737.84	740.25	A:	[ADOLPHUS] uh uh outside th- -- you know.
740.16	742.75	A:	[LABOV] So the time it takes to wash them off, it doesn't pay.
743.02	745.56	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, it don't -- you don't -- you can wash a
745.56	747.38	A:	[ADOLPHUS] thousand hills in 
747.38	748.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ten minutes.
748.78	749.49	A:	[LABOV] Oh.
748.84	752.02	A:	[ADOLPHUS] You just catch them up in bunch, you know.
751.85	752.37	A:	[LABOV] Yeah?
752.02	757.06	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Maybe d- -- oh, well, I have had as many as fifty in ((there that's)) (( ))
757.06	760.19	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((I don't)) -- if you had a creek just (( )) through the water there.
760.01	763.16	A:	[LABOV] And the idea was, you got to get all that old dirt away from the roots.
762.83	766.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Eh -- eh -- yes, it'll -- i- -- if um -- ((unless they're so)) awful wet,
766.77	771.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] uh, something like that, a lot of it you can shake off.
770.97	771.42	A:	[LABOV] Mhm.
771.09	773.98	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But now since folk go and plant them with planter,
773.98	780.65	A:	[ADOLPHUS] they try to keep that dirt on there, and keep it damp, you know. We plant with ((peg)), and we was washing tobacco root.
781.28	784.55	A:	[LABOV] Well, have you changed your way of growing tobacco. Now, you're still doing it.
784.59	788.36	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, I'm still doing about ((exact)) as I did. I ain't raising much, but
788.36	791.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] if I was raising a whole lot, I don't think I would change ((it)) much.
791.79	793.35	A:	[LABOV] Well, what about the blue mold, now?
793.35	796.50	A:	[LABOV] You uh -- they have this gas treatment, I gather.
796.43	798.31	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mm, why, yes, they got this gas
798.31	799.60	A:	[ADOLPHUS] treatment, and
799.60	801.94	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I reckon it's a help.
801.94	803.14	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But uh
803.14	805.96	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I tell you what I did one time. I had
805.96	807.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] uh
807.07	809.36	A:	[ADOLPHUS] three ((planted)) beds down here.
809.36	811.16	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And uh
811.16	813.23	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I took and uh
813.23	815.92	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((burnt)) one down here.
815.92	819.41	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And I didn't have no blue mold on it.
819.41	824.86	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And I took and -- got up one down here, out there,
824.86	828.24	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and the blue mold just eat it up.
828.24	831.28	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And I decided
831.28	834.47	A:	[ADOLPHUS] then I got up one out there, I didn't use no fertilize.
834.47	837.62	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I used chicken litter and ashes.
837.60	838.20	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
837.62	840.54	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I didn't have blue -- no blue mold on that.
840.54	842.79	A:	[ADOLPHUS] That was the best bed of all of them.
842.79	846.54	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I kind of had it in my head, I don't know, I um
846.54	852.68	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((the si- uh I -- )) If I try a thing, I think I'm right, I -- I won't tell nobody is right, I just ((get)) lucky.
852.68	855.15	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Uh, I sowed a bed out there
855.15	861.40	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and I planted about three acres back off of it. And I didn't use bit of fertilize. 
861.40	862.81	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But I --
861.45	862.40	A:	[LABOV] ((What made))
862.40	866.04	A:	[LABOV] What made you think the fertilizer had any connection with the blue mold?
866.13	867.12	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well,
867.12	870.24	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I just don't know. ((It's)) everything in fertilize.
871.64	872.21	A:	[LABOV] Mm.
873.94	876.76	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, you buy fertilize from uh
876.76	879.18	A:	[ADOLPHUS] these plants.
879.18	883.21	A:	[ADOLPHUS] They have a three eight ((three in)).
883.21	891.46	A:	[ADOLPHUS] What is that, ten something? Then they have -- what ((are)) -- they -- they got a -- (( )) mm -- (( )) that, now, ain't there?
891.46	894.81	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But I tell you what I have done. I used to
894.81	897.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] h- -- help haul fertilize.
897.07	901.08	A:	[ADOLPHUS] On the truck from the plant up here in Greensboro.
901.08	905.39	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And we was getting the ((Zel)) fertilize, three eight three.
905.39	908.39	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Then they got ((Zel)) three two something.
908.39	911.00	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And we was hauling three eight three,
911.00	913.66	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and a fellow wanted three hundred sacks.
913.66	918.26	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, this truck was bringing a hundred sacks, that's a load.
918.26	922.41	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And we were making from Greensboro down here from (( )).
922.41	926.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Before they could get chip- -- fill the o- -- other orders, 
926.07	930.57	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and that um ((Zel)) three eight three give out.
930.57	932.94	A:	[ADOLPHUS] They had the sacks there,
932.94	934.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] but it give out.
934.84	941.13	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And the man just reach over there and got some sacks, ((said)) won't ((stomp)) with nothing, and we got fifty sacks of that
941.13	945.31	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and went right on ((carried on)) to the man.
945.13	945.81	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
945.31	951.75	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And he never did know difference, so fertilize got everything in it, any kind. They got it
951.75	955.03	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((stomps)) on so and so, but that man
955.03	958.68	A:	[ADOLPHUS] is ((gives it a name that)) (( )) putting it up.
958.65	959.28	A:	[LABOV] Mm.
958.68	962.22	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And them hands would do just like eh -- just an- -- anything ((to)) --
962.22	963.89	A:	[ADOLPHUS] to fill the order, if they
963.89	968.76	A:	[ADOLPHUS] i- -- if they had eight two two -- now, tell you what I did myself. That was last year.
968.76	972.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I use some corn fertilize. Got it there
972.77	974.50	A:	[ADOLPHUS] at Mr. --
976.81	979.29	A:	[ADOLPHUS] up road here. Who that man uh -- 
979.29	979.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
979.99	981.24	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I got it from Mr. 
981.24	983.08	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
983.08	985.89	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and I got some tobacco fertilize from Mr. 
985.89	986.66	A:	[ADOLPHUS] #Name_suppressed#
986.66	989.66	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But when loading it and going to the field,
989.66	994.75	A:	[ADOLPHUS] we got on two sacks of the corn fertilize, and left the tobacco fertilize had to go on the corn.
994.75	997.93	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I ((drill)) the corn ((fertilize)). I didn't see no difference from --
997.93	1001.01	A:	[ADOLPHUS] It's just -- tobacco just good where it was as --
1001.27	1005.54	A:	[LABOV] Well, one principle of farming is to always do exactly what you did before.
1005.54	1007.07	A:	[LABOV] So that you can't get ((in)) no trouble.
1007.07	1008.81	A:	[LABOV] But you don't believe in that.
1007.16	1007.78	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir.
1009.15	1011.36	A:	[ADOLPHUS] What +does -- what you do in -- did before?
1011.27	1011.83	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
1011.36	1013.40	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir, I don't believe in that.
1013.18	1013.88	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1013.40	1018.97	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Because that same rule, you w- w- work this year in farming, won't work next year.
1020.56	1022.54	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, I believe it would.
1022.54	1025.71	A:	[ADOLPHUS] You tell y- -- wan- -- want me tell you my reasons?
1025.71	1029.21	A:	[ADOLPHUS] The seasons don't come every year.
1029.21	1036.87	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And uh I don't believe in signs, not a bit, when I get ready plant anything, but there is something in signs.
1036.87	1038.32	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And planting.
1038.32	1046.16	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I always try to plant when it get ready, but ((even)) times when I get ready, it's just about when I think the signs right.
1046.16	1050.71	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Whole lot of folk don't believe in signs, I said. But you can just watch them farm.
1050.55	1051.85	A:	[LABOV] What kind of sign?
1052.26	1054.34	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, uh uh uh
1054.34	1056.33	A:	[ADOLPHUS] there's something n- that
1056.33	1059.43	A:	[ADOLPHUS] that the mm moon, I believe,
1060.71	1063.15	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ah that nature puts in the land,
1063.15	1065.02	A:	[ADOLPHUS] that folks don't know about.
1065.02	1067.29	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But they have studied it,
1067.29	1071.95	A:	[ADOLPHUS] (( )) studied and the ((of course now)) science say there ain't nothing to it.
1071.95	1075.13	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Science says there is nothing to this sign.
1075.13	1080.13	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But I -- you can uh n- uh uh plant some corn,
1081.37	1089.01	A:	[ADOLPHUS] so I don't about this here uh ((ordered)) corn pl- -- all this here high-priced corn, now. But some of the old fashioned corn, (( )),
1089.01	1091.04	A:	[ADOLPHUS] are prolific.
1091.04	1094.58	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, you plant it on the light of the moon,
1094.58	1099.83	A:	[ADOLPHUS] you seen the moon, I know you know about that, plant it on the light of the moon,
1099.83	1101.34	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and it'll grow tall.
1101.10	1102.19	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1101.81	1105.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But you plant it on the dark of the moon, when you're having a uh
1107.84	1109.15	A:	[ADOLPHUS] dark moon,
1109.15	1111.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] the moon is just about gone away,
1111.84	1113.34	A:	[ADOLPHUS] why, it'll grow low.
1113.34	1114.86	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now ((I've tried)) that.
1116.24	1123.92	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I tried ((mighty)) nigh everything there is about farming, but yet from one year to the other, I can't see which is best.
1123.95	1130.10	A:	[LABOV] Well, w- you ((had)) s- -- talk about planting tobacco, now, i- -- du- -- The same signs operate on -- on cotton?
1130.19	1135.41	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, i- -- it operates on uh o- -- on uh -- there's one sign in planting
1135.41	1139.78	A:	[ADOLPHUS] tobacco, it ain't going to do no good. What is that? What sort of rain is that?
1140.09	1142.44	A:	[FRIEND] ((Uh they)) call it white rain.
1142.32	1147.03	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mhm. Tha- -- generally comes l- -- l- -- last of May or sometime in there.
1146.91	1150.10	A:	[FRIEND] ((They call it a)) white (( )) ((bright white)).
1147.03	1148.33	A:	[ADOLPHUS] An- uh.
1148.33	1154.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now -- yo- -- er i- -- if you plant long- -- ((long)) a seed on that, why, that tobacco going
1154.77	1158.71	A:	[ADOLPHUS] it always have died for me, and I haven't heard a lot of other folks who say
1158.71	1160.69	A:	[ADOLPHUS] it died. But I tried it.
1160.57	1162.80	A:	[LABOV] (( )) kind of m- uh of a milky rain?
1162.21	1164.42	A:	[FRIEND] Yeah, ((something like that)). (( ))
1164.41	1165.02	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mhm.
1164.42	1168.19	A:	[FRIEND] ((Water right)) white, ((though, it's just white)).
1165.83	1167.29	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mm mm and then --
1168.65	1170.19	A:	[LABOV] ((But)) fine rain (( )).
1168.69	1169.46	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I- --
1169.56	1170.51	A:	[FRIEND] Yeah.
1170.57	1172.11	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mhm. It's just a ((thing)).
1171.81	1174.24	A:	[FRIEND] ((I- It'll be as)) white like milk.
1174.24	1175.93	A:	[FRIEND] It just looks like -- looks white.
1175.79	1176.74	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((It looks white. It))
1176.03	1177.15	A:	[LABOV] (( )) coming down?
1176.74	1177.65	A:	[FRIEND] That's right.
1177.60	1178.38	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1178.38	1188.91	A:	[LABOV] Well, you know, uh, when we talked about uh signs and ((ideas)) like that, I -- I learned a lot talking to people. Now what they used to call home remedies, for example.
1188.91	1190.65	A:	[LABOV] Um.
1190.65	1197.41	A:	[LABOV] You know, uh, we -- science is finding out now, a lot of them worked much better than -- ((now,)) tha- --
1197.41	1202.18	A:	[LABOV] If they study it, they suddenly discover it works, and then they can explain it, and they believe in it.
1202.18	1206.60	A:	[LABOV] And I -- I don't believe that uh signs and ((farmers and --)). Different people learn a lot from experience.
1206.61	1207.25	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
1207.23	1208.68	A:	[LABOV] Um.
1208.68	1210.86	A:	[LABOV] Now, I don't uh
1210.86	1218.02	A:	[LABOV] I do think that maybe uh school learning helps sometimes in farming today, like in dairy farming.
1218.02	1221.87	A:	[LABOV] But uh, my mind is still open about that.
1221.78	1223.08	A:	[FRIEND] Well, I tell you,
1223.08	1225.30	A:	[FRIEND] I tell you way I feel about it.
1225.30	1229.13	A:	[FRIEND] It won't work out here on the farm like it work in them books.
1228.93	1231.75	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No. N- -- no. It won't work.
1233.47	1234.25	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mhm.
1234.11	1238.45	A:	[FRIEND] But it won't work out there, like it works out on this paper, ((I tell you that there)).
1238.25	1240.10	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, I've tried everything.
1239.45	1240.35	A:	[FRIEND] That's right.
1240.10	1241.54	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, I had a 
1241.54	1243.48	A:	[ADOLPHUS] county agent come out here,
1243.48	1245.88	A:	[ADOLPHUS] been about fifteen, sixteen years ago.
1245.88	1247.76	A:	[ADOLPHUS] They was going around
1247.76	1249.96	A:	[ADOLPHUS] telling you how to raise corn crop.
1249.60	1250.28	A:	[LABOV] Mhm.
1249.96	1251.26	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And uh
1251.26	1253.13	A:	[ADOLPHUS] how to plant, when to plant it.
1253.13	1254.90	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And when to work it.
1254.90	1258.53	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And I told him come over (( )) here and pick out a place anywhere,
1258.53	1265.10	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I -- I was tending about twenty acres corn then. I told him anywhere ((in our)) field, just pick it out. And uh
1265.10	1268.96	A:	[ADOLPHUS] so he come out and he picked out a place in this field down here.
1268.96	1270.68	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And uh
1270.68	1273.60	A:	[ADOLPHUS] they told me what kind of corn to get
1273.60	1275.23	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And uh
1275.23	1278.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I told him I would ((give him)) money, ((him)) bring the corn.
1278.77	1285.81	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And so he did, he bought the corn. I think fellow brought the corn from Raleigh. He sent to Raleigh, and the fellow come up here, and the fellow come up here and 
1285.81	1288.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] showed me how to plant it.
1288.09	1291.02	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, I had been planting corn there since I was seven years old.
1291.02	1293.22	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But he showed me how to plant it.
1293.22	1296.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I went ahead and planted it just like he told me.
1296.77	1300.77	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And he says, now, I don't want you to -- I don't want you to
1300.77	1305.44	A:	[ADOLPHUS] plow that this deep. Want me to plow it three time, but not plow it this deep.
1305.25	1305.97	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1305.44	1307.72	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I told him yes, sir.
1307.72	1308.76	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And uh
1308.76	1313.57	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I fixed the ground, so they said they ((were)) satisfied at it. I planted the acre,
1313.57	1319.22	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and I went over twelve rows, run some more rows through, I went over twelve rows and planted uh
1319.22	1322.20	A:	[ADOLPHUS] me a acre, my way.
1321.34	1321.88	A:	[LABOV] Mhm.
1322.20	1324.49	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Only I didn't -- they used up
1324.49	1329.58	A:	[ADOLPHUS] three hundred and fifty pound of fertilize to the acre. And I didn't use but two hundred pound.
1330.70	1331.97	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, I p- --
1331.97	1334.60	A:	[ADOLPHUS] plow mine like I wanted to plow it,
1334.60	1335.93	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I just --
1335.60	1337.32	A:	[LABOV] (( )) about three inches deep?
1337.59	1341.23	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir, I took turn plowing side ((mine)) over, just close as I could get it.
1341.66	1342.51	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh. Yeah. 
1342.40	1346.06	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Then took the double shovel, and put it right down there
1346.06	1348.39	A:	[ADOLPHUS] one hole in that furrow,
1348.39	1352.32	A:	[ADOLPHUS] an- and the other hole, throwed some dirt right back to that corn, and I 
1352.32	1355.37	A:	[ADOLPHUS] plowed with that double shovel, just as deep as I could get it.
1354.70	1355.38	A:	[LABOV] ((Oh, I see.))
1355.37	1359.45	A:	[ADOLPHUS] It -- come a little shower of rain, and then it's set off dry.
1359.45	1363.05	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And that corn never did wither.
1363.05	1364.52	A:	[ADOLPHUS] My acre didn't.
1364.52	1367.62	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But his one just scratching around there on the top,
1367.62	1369.37	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and uh
1369.37	1371.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] it withered.
1371.09	1372.62	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Then when he
1372.62	1373.57	A:	[ADOLPHUS] com- -- 
1373.57	1376.12	A:	[ADOLPHUS] come out here to measure the corn,
1377.67	1379.14	A:	[ADOLPHUS] an- an- -- he uh
1379.14	1383.65	A:	[ADOLPHUS] said he didn't want it carried back that I had beat him so far,
1383.65	1385.28	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ask me could he get
1385.28	1389.85	A:	[ADOLPHUS] a hundred ((ears)) out of mine out there, where I plowed like I wanted.
1389.25	1390.09	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1389.85	1393.56	A:	[ADOLPHUS] To help the county agent and the man (( )).
1393.56	1395.96	A:	[ADOLPHUS] He didn't want it said that --
1393.56	1394.74	A:	[LABOV] (( ))
1395.96	1401.19	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Because I was ((aiming)) to ((sell)) some of mine too uh put it and have it weighed, ((and they know they was)).
1401.19	1404.03	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Eh, but I wouldn't have done it, but the- --
1403.96	1407.81	A:	[LABOV] Now, the corn that you're growing, is that roasting ears, or -- or for hogs.
1407.71	1409.76	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, it's for hogs, horses, sir.
1409.76	1411.44	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Have it ground and eat it.
1411.61	1413.14	A:	[LABOV] Oh, wai- -- do -- 
1413.14	1413.66	A:	[LABOV] #Name_suppressed#
1413.66	1414.73	A:	[LABOV] do you ever put up corn?
1415.47	1416.86	A:	[WIFE] Yeah, I freeze.
1417.04	1419.88	A:	[LABOV] Freeze it. But did you ever put it up before you had to freeze it.
1419.78	1420.98	A:	[WIFE] Or can it.
1420.79	1421.42	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
1421.28	1423.18	A:	[WIFE] Well, (( )).
1422.89	1424.39	A:	[LABOV] Does that stay well?
1424.17	1425.90	A:	[WIFE] Not for me.
1425.80	1426.66	A:	[LABOV] Spoils.
1427.55	1431.09	A:	[WIFE] Some people can't even ((stay -- but mine never did)). I don't know.
1431.30	1432.92	A:	[LABOV] Could you put up potatoes?
1432.92	1436.09	A:	[LABOV] No, yo- -- you just set them out in the barn? (( ))
1436.23	1438.07	A:	[WIFE] I never tried putting up potatoes.
1437.75	1442.37	A:	[LABOV] Well, you have uh -- you grow a s- -- uh uh Irish potatoes here and sweet potatoes both?
1442.84	1443.80	A:	[WIFE] Yes.
1445.73	1448.19	A:	[LABOV] Well, now, so you grow corn --
1448.19	1451.24	A:	[LABOV] uh and cotton and tobacco and uh.
1451.07	1453.24	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I never growed no cotton but twice.
1452.87	1453.52	A:	[LABOV] Oh.
1455.29	1458.41	A:	[ADOLPHUS] It r- -- opened the wrong time for me down here.
1457.86	1458.39	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1458.41	1465.13	A:	[ADOLPHUS] It didn't open until it went snowing and frosting. And I couldn't do much with it out there when it's cold.
1465.23	1467.18	A:	[LABOV] Well, how many children did you have?
1467.41	1469.17	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I had uh eight.
1468.75	1470.36	A:	[LABOV] And how many boys?
1470.51	1471.21	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Four.
1471.25	1474.96	A:	[LABOV] And uh, wh- -- how many acres were you farming then?
1475.44	1479.25	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I had about five acres of cotton, but I was working about ten acres of tobacco.
1480.03	1483.83	A:	[LABOV] Yeah, well I understand that uh kids are very useful for picking cotton.
1484.08	1491.23	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But mine weren't, because ((they)) didn't -- ((it was)) too cold. Yeah, it's too cold for them to pick much cotton.
1492.55	1493.93	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Then cotton --
1493.93	1500.82	A:	[ADOLPHUS] the next thing, it didn't I think ((they called)) it mm mm uh oh oh -- it didn't open around through this section. 
1500.52	1501.16	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1500.82	1502.70	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((I- the)) land didn't suit it or something.
1504.15	1505.15	A:	[LABOV] Uh.
1505.15	1508.40	A:	[LABOV] But um as far as tobacco goes,
1508.40	1517.83	A:	[LABOV] uh, now there's a -- down on the eastern part of the state, they have a -- a soil bank system, and you're only allowed to grow so much, and they pay you for not growing it.
1515.86	1516.29	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well.
1517.62	1519.28	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, they got that through here.
1519.36	1521.49	A:	[LABOV] Very complicated. I don't understand it.
1521.47	1522.44	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I don't neither.
1523.73	1526.08	A:	[LABOV] Did you ever put any of your land in the soil bank?
1523.93	1524.28	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Uh-huh.
1526.11	1528.92	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Why, yes, ((it's)) I got it in the soil bank now. ((Pile of dirt)).
1529.33	1530.45	A:	[LABOV] How does that work?
1530.63	1535.53	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, nn they pay you so much an acre, if you don't work but so many acres.
1535.52	1535.96	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1535.53	1536.82	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But so many acres.
1536.82	1540.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, mine were down last year to --
1540.09	1543.26	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I work eight acres of corn, four acres of wheat,
1543.26	1546.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] my allotment for wheat was thirteen acres.
1546.91	1551.95	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and my allotment for corn was seventeen acres.
1551.95	1555.96	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And uh so I put ((all them)) in soil bank but uh
1557.33	1558.98	A:	[ADOLPHUS] four acres for wheat,
1558.98	1561.42	A:	[ADOLPHUS] eight acres for corn. Then they --
1562.12	1564.27	A:	[LABOV] How much they pay you per acre?
1564.70	1566.05	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well,
1566.05	1569.04	A:	[ADOLPHUS] i- -- it's just on to who you is.
1569.73	1570.22	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1570.53	1572.18	A:	[ADOLPHUS] They're supposed to pay
1572.18	1575.41	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I think there's uh there's about uh --
1578.53	1583.42	A:	[ADOLPHUS] believe it's uh um about twenty-five dollars, I believe, for wheat,
1583.42	1587.43	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I don't know what it was for corn. Do you? When you was farming, you eh --
1585.38	1586.12	A:	[FRIEND] No.
1587.04	1589.05	A:	[FRIEND] (( )) ((we had him put)) (( )).
1588.49	1590.60	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Never did? No. Hm.
1589.05	1592.04	A:	[FRIEND] (( )) ((can't do nothing about it)).
1591.97	1594.88	A:	[LABOV] Well, uh uh you -- you can't get rich off a soil bank.
1594.81	1598.78	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir, you lose money with soil bank if you i- -- got somebody wi- --
1598.78	1606.71	A:	[ADOLPHUS] to help you work it. Now, they claim this soil bank s- -- will make you get a better price for
1606.71	1608.49	A:	[ADOLPHUS] what you sell.
1608.38	1609.25	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1609.23	1613.11	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, you can plant it, but you can't sell none of it ah.
1613.11	1617.88	A:	[ADOLPHUS] If you've got some- -- something to feed it up, why, you can feed it.
1617.06	1618.29	A:	[LABOV] ((You feed)) it to hogs.
1617.88	1619.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Hogs and --
1618.29	1623.13	A:	[LABOV] ((Now I want to get --)) get back to hogs in a minute. Uh, used to butcher your own hogs?
1623.29	1624.01	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
1624.25	1628.10	A:	[LABOV] Now, eh, that's a d- -- a messy business if you don't know how to do it.
1628.15	1629.96	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Eh, why, yes, sir, ((it's)) --
1630.42	1633.41	A:	[LABOV] Uh, how did you used to butcher hogs, and how did you haul them up?
1633.55	1635.59	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Huh uh we generally mm -- 
1635.59	1640.88	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((pro-)) -- I used to ((me and the children)) ((they gagged and)) knock him in the head and cut his throat.
1640.88	1646.29	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And put him in a barrel ((and scald one end at a time)). And I used to kill just me and the children.
1646.20	1646.67	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1646.29	1649.48	A:	[ADOLPHUS] They didn't have none of these ((pets)) like they got now.
1649.48	1652.44	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But I used put mine -- take him and scald him.
1652.44	1655.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((I ah)) had them so large -- children was small,
1655.99	1657.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I'd 
1657.09	1658.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] put a chain on him,
1658.99	1660.70	A:	[ADOLPHUS] on the ((gammel)) stick,
1660.70	1665.04	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and hitch a mule to him, pull him up in that tree out yonder, pull him up there. 
1665.04	1667.60	A:	[ADOLPHUS] An- -- and scrape him down. Yes, sir.
1665.93	1666.44	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
1667.43	1669.34	A:	[LABOV] So you -- you scraped down the hide,
1669.32	1670.00	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
1669.89	1674.19	A:	[LABOV] and uh you got a -- n- n- -- did you used to saw the backbone down in those days?
1674.16	1675.66	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mm, why, no, sir.
1675.80	1676.48	A:	[LABOV] You didn't.
1676.39	1677.09	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir.
1677.09	1680.15	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I would take a knife and split that
1680.15	1682.70	A:	[ADOLPHUS] back open down to the bone,
1682.53	1683.02	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
1682.70	1686.73	A:	[ADOLPHUS] then turn him up on his back and take your ax and cut right down that backbone
1686.73	1688.61	A:	[ADOLPHUS] on each side.
1688.61	1692.20	A:	[ADOLPHUS] It wasn't no sawed out pork chop now. Then.
1692.33	1695.43	A:	[LABOV] That's ((how -- well)) -- in other words, you -- you didn't get no pork chops.
1695.25	1696.47	A:	[ADOLPHUS] N- -- no, sir.
1696.04	1697.07	A:	[LABOV] You had uh --
1696.97	1698.64	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Spare rib and backbone, they call it.
1698.45	1699.44	A:	[LABOV] Right.
1699.44	1700.12	A:	[LABOV] Uh.
1699.52	1703.68	A:	[FRIEND] ((Otherwise you)) get that piece of meat out of (( )), ((in)) them days they call it tenderloin.
1703.35	1706.07	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Tenderloin. That -- that lean piece, great long piece, sir.
1709.40	1712.47	A:	[FRIEND] ((A lot of people)) called that tenderloin ((in them days)).
1709.52	1710.25	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mhm.
1712.72	1714.40	A:	[LABOV] Right. ((Now)) did you smoke --
1714.40	1715.50	A:	[LABOV] uh --
1715.42	1720.14	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, I never did. I -- I -- I -- not for myself. I have smoked some for other people.
1720.30	1722.57	A:	[LABOV] So how did you uh -- how did you uh
1722.57	1729.09	A:	[LABOV] eh, keep the pork. Over the winter. You had -- I mean, you -- you slaughter couple hogs uh, that's a lot of meat.
1729.12	1733.89	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mm, well, it's right smart. Well, take them, salt them down and
1733.89	1737.03	A:	[ADOLPHUS] put them in a box and salt them down, let them stay there about six weeks.
1736.92	1737.57	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1737.03	1738.62	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And then you hang them up.
1738.85	1740.03	A:	[LABOV] Right.
1740.03	1745.58	A:	[LABOV] Uh. Now, we talking before about animals being dirty. Do you think the hog is a dirty animal?
1746.31	1748.90	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, I don't know --
1748.90	1752.22	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I can't say but so much about
1752.22	1755.34	A:	[ADOLPHUS] being dirty, because I eat too much of it.
1755.02	1757.74	A:	[LABOV] Well, I understand there's people around here who don't eat
1757.74	1758.55	A:	[LABOV] pork.
1758.53	1760.08	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yeah, just plenty of them.
1759.94	1763.09	A:	[LABOV] They got them. And they -- they -- they -- I don't understand why.
1763.98	1767.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I don't -- well, it -- look, if they eat any other kind of meat,
1767.84	1770.46	A:	[ADOLPHUS] uh a hog, eh uh
1771.50	1778.67	A:	[ADOLPHUS] He -- h- -- he -- he is not all that nn -- I don't think (( )) or -- Now, some hogs won't eat just anything.
1778.67	1780.54	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((There's)) plenty hogs --
1779.83	1786.51	A:	[LABOV] ((Do you think so uh --)) I mean uh, some people say, well, you feed a hog garbage and all that kind of thing. You mean some hogs are
1786.51	1787.35	A:	[LABOV] uh picky?
1787.33	1794.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Y- uh -- yeah, some of them picky it just like mm people. Won't eat just anything. Well, garbage you're not supposed to feed that to them unless you cook it.
1796.31	1797.46	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1797.38	1801.46	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, you can uh uh -- now, just uh table use, uh --
1801.46	1805.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I have a little family. We ((ain't going to have)) much no how, you know. You can feed them that.
1805.91	1810.80	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But if you pick up garbage from any of these cafes and things, eh, y-, y-, tha- -- that --
1810.80	1814.23	A:	[ADOLPHUS] mm that uh, uh, yo- -- you going to have to cook that.
1814.23	1816.11	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yeah, you going to have to ((cook it)).
1815.68	1820.82	A:	[LABOV] Well, you know, from my ((eye)) -- way of thinking, a hog is a -- is not a ver- -- is a pretty smart animal,
1820.82	1824.03	A:	[LABOV] eh compared to a chicken. Now, a chicken is 
1824.03	1826.59	A:	[LABOV] ah to my way of thinking a chicken is terrible dumb.
1826.59	1828.24	A:	[LABOV] And not very clean either.
1828.05	1831.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Mm, no, chic- -- Anything. Anything in the world they come ((across)).
1828.28	1830.66	A:	[FRIEND] ((A chicken will eat anything.)) 
1830.66	1832.79	A:	[FRIEND] (( )).
1831.84	1835.01	A:	[ADOLPHUS] A chicken is like a possum. (( )) ((he)) just eat anything.
1832.79	1835.40	A:	[FRIEND] (( )) That's right.
1835.42	1836.40	A:	[LABOV] Now, 
1836.40	1837.18	A:	[LABOV] #Name_suppressed#
1837.18	1839.11	A:	[LABOV] how do you -- how do you uh --
1839.11	1841.92	A:	[LABOV] when you were growing up, did you kill your own chickens?
1843.15	1846.54	A:	[WIFE] Well, we used to. I ((got mad and left home)).
1846.40	1846.91	A:	[LABOV] Oh.
1846.54	1847.54	A:	[WIFE] ((My neighbors)) (( )).
1846.81	1849.65	A:	[ADOLPHUS] She went to Pennsylvania and her -- ((all the)) --
1848.19	1848.88	A:	[LABOV] ((That's right.))
1849.25	1849.84	A:	[WIFE] Chicken.
1849.65	1851.98	A:	[ADOLPHUS] She didn't have them folk kill them chickens she (( )).
1851.99	1856.15	A:	[LABOV] When you were uh coming up, did you wring the chicken's neck, or cut them -- cut the head off?
1856.09	1857.67	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Cut ((it)) most time.
1857.56	1858.14	A:	[LABOV] Right.
1858.14	1859.30	A:	[LABOV] And um.
1860.60	1865.55	A:	[LABOV] Well, the -- ((business of)) cleaning the chicken and all that is really uh the woman's job. And actually, there's a lot of
1865.55	1867.84	A:	[LABOV] people have different ideas about it. 
1867.84	1870.81	A:	[LABOV] Uh, but I w- do want to ask you about uh about uh
1870.81	1877.96	A:	[LABOV] uh cornbread around here. Uh, do you uh mostly bake your cornbread in the oven, or you cook some on the stove.
1878.99	1883.65	A:	[WIFE] I generally bake it in the oven. ((When I cooks it)) (( )).
1884.17	1885.41	A:	[LABOV] You fry it at all?
1885.41	1886.74	A:	[LABOV] You don't use much cornbread?
1886.66	1887.46	A:	[WIFE] No.
1889.23	1890.99	A:	[LABOV] Did you ever bake your own bread?
1890.76	1891.81	A:	[WIFE] Yeah.
1892.65	1894.30	A:	[WIFE] I bake biscuits.
1894.03	1895.03	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1895.74	1900.48	A:	[ADOLPHUS] She baked cornbread, si- -- since mm she has been back here, but up there she did- --
1900.48	1904.71	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I don't what they done. I don't know what sort of bread. Loaf bread, mostly, I suspect.
1905.00	1907.69	A:	[LABOV] Yeah, people don't bake loaf bread around here too much.
1907.39	1908.18	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir.
1908.47	1909.52	A:	[LABOV] I don't know why that is.
1909.11	1915.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But now, they used to -- you take fifty years ago, they don't know how to bake it. I tell you reason why they don't bake. They just don't know how.
1916.30	1917.78	A:	[LABOV] Did your mother bake +cornbread?
1917.73	1921.19	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, she used to bake some, but not much.
1920.64	1921.23	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1921.19	1924.27	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, but her reason not baking none, that was --
1924.27	1926.79	A:	[ADOLPHUS] the white lady where we stayed at,
1926.79	1927.83	A:	[ADOLPHUS] she would cook,
1927.83	1931.49	A:	[ADOLPHUS] you know, I don't know, I -- I would say about three pounds a --
1931.49	1932.49	A:	[ADOLPHUS] a week.
1932.49	1934.61	A:	[ADOLPHUS] She had a great large oven.
1934.49	1934.95	A:	[LABOV] Mhm.
1934.61	1937.70	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And she would cook that great big thing there.
1937.70	1939.73	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, that would be as much (( )) --
1939.73	1943.70	A:	[ADOLPHUS] It just gets shared of and ((Mama)) didn't have to cook no ((because))
1943.70	1947.60	A:	[ADOLPHUS] all the children were out in the evening, away from home,
1947.60	1950.63	A:	[ADOLPHUS] and so she never did ((fool with)) ((it much)).
1950.48	1952.46	A:	[LABOV] I ((want to get on uh))
1952.46	1954.11	A:	[LABOV] this question of
1954.11	1957.63	A:	[LABOV] raising children. When you were coming up around here,
1957.63	1960.71	A:	[LABOV] uh, what did your mother used to do for a cold?
1961.25	1961.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] For --
1961.94	1963.66	A:	[LABOV] When the kids had colds?
1963.76	1967.39	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((Run)) down here and get some horehound and make some horehound tea and 
1967.39	1970.80	A:	[ADOLPHUS] What that other sort of tea did you used to make?
1967.42	1968.16	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
1970.80	1974.35	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But horehound tea was her biggest
1974.35	1975.31	A:	[ADOLPHUS] doctor.
1977.83	1979.85	A:	[LABOV] Eh. Wu- what about um
1979.85	1983.92	A:	[LABOV] uh you know, ((when they're all)) runny uh choked up. Did she use poultices?
1983.98	1986.19	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Why, yes, sir, you put uh
1986.19	1990.41	A:	[ADOLPHUS] (( )) and mud an- -- mud and suet and --
1990.41	1992.72	A:	[ADOLPHUS] There was some -- you had another kind of --
1993.20	1994.07	A:	[LABOV] And tar.
1994.31	1997.27	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And uh, then uh.
1997.27	2002.86	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I have uh (( )) to take a lot of (( )), drip a little
2002.86	2004.48	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((there down))
2004.48	2007.80	A:	[ADOLPHUS]  When the f- -- You know, in the (( )) bunny, they little
2007.80	2010.86	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((pitch)) d- -- drop down funny. Put that in --
2010.86	2012.61	A:	[ADOLPHUS] put that in some water and drink that.
2012.94	2013.63	A:	[LABOV] Drink it?
2013.57	2014.47	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yes, sir.
2015.01	2016.54	A:	[LABOV] How about castor oil?
2017.03	2021.31	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I never did take m- -- ((mm fo-)) ((bother)) with castor oil much. ((I didn't take)) much castor oil.
2021.49	2022.32	A:	[LABOV] Well, you lucky.
2022.32	2026.98	A:	[LABOV] Because in those days, most people I have been talking to, they had -- they drunk a -- a barrel of it.
2026.64	2030.97	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, just plenty of them used to, but I -- I -- I never did take much castor oil.
2031.38	2032.50	A:	[LABOV] Yeah, well um.
2032.50	2034.83	A:	[LABOV] What happened when somebody cut themselves?
2034.83	2038.45	A:	[LABOV] And uh you know, ((it)) get a little infected. What did your mother used to do?
2038.95	2041.74	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Use some turpentine and um.
2042.69	2044.96	A:	[ADOLPHUS] What else was that they used to use uh?
2044.78	2045.88	A:	[FRIEND] Peroxide.
2044.96	2049.03	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yeah, peroxide. And boil the poison out of it, they say.
2049.03	2052.41	A:	[ADOLPHUS] But -- but -- eh uh.
2052.41	2056.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Now, I cut my -- ((uh this)) uh fellow cut my toe one time. ((We was chopping.))
2056.91	2059.68	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And I never did put nothing on it but kerosene oil.
2059.99	2061.92	A:	[LABOV] She ever use peach tree leaves?
2062.34	2063.13	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir.
2063.00	2064.24	A:	[LABOV] Gum tree leaves?
2064.14	2064.80	A:	[ADOLPHUS] No, sir.
2064.96	2066.93	A:	[FRIEND] That's mostly for a sprain.
2067.52	2068.27	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
2068.21	2070.70	A:	[FRIEND] ((That's a)) peach tree leaf poultice.
2070.86	2074.48	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yeah, I have heard tell ((of using them)). But I never did, I seen ((them used)).
2073.98	2076.07	A:	[FRIEND] ((They usually)) use that for a sprain.
2076.16	2078.71	A:	[LABOV] Some people around here use senna for uh
2078.71	2082.15	A:	[LABOV] instead of castor oil for cleaning people out.
2081.60	2082.54	A:	[FRIEND] ((Some of the ladies.))
2082.15	2083.17	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
2083.17	2084.20	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.
2084.03	2084.84	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well,
2084.84	2087.45	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I think we had some here
2087.45	2091.23	A:	[ADOLPHUS] when the children was all small, but I never did take ((any)).
2091.23	2093.83	A:	[ADOLPHUS] In fact, I never did take much of nothing.
2093.83	2095.91	A:	[ADOLPHUS] W- -- in the way of medicine.
2095.56	2097.07	A:	[LABOV] You been in pretty good health.
2097.05	2099.66	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I have had fairly good health, fairly good health.
2100.98	2104.32	A:	[LABOV] Did uh -- have you -- did you take sick recently? A- -- are you uh --
2103.75	2105.62	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Yeah, I -- I uh --
2105.62	2111.08	A:	[ADOLPHUS] taken sick in d- -- uh first Sunday in this last September.
2110.70	2111.35	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
2111.08	2113.29	A:	[ADOLPHUS] And haven't worked none since.
2113.22	2115.13	A:	[LABOV] Yeah, wh- -- what's the trouble?
2115.14	2119.10	A:	[ADOLPHUS] S- -- uh -- kind of bladder trouble, I ((reckon you would)) call it, kidneys.
2119.05	2119.91	A:	[LABOV] Uh-huh.
2119.91	2122.26	A:	[LABOV] So it really keeps you from working?
2123.16	2125.36	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Well, I reckon
2125.36	2131.75	A:	[ADOLPHUS] after all them ((quarrel at me)) so I would go to work some more, but the doctor told me not to work until
2131.75	2135.79	A:	[ADOLPHUS] ((but a)) mighty little until after I made another trip down there.
2135.84	2139.70	A:	[LABOV] Well, you been farming for yourself mostly, not working for other people.
2139.83	2140.99	A:	[ADOLPHUS] Why, yes, sir.
2140.77	2142.74	A:	[LABOV] You don't get any social security then, do you?
2142.63	2144.26	A:	[ADOLPHUS] I draw just a little bit.
2144.48	2145.51	A:	[LABOV] Yeah.